Recognizing Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in At-Risk Populations: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Beyond
We report 6 cases of immunocompromised patients who developed CNS immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the setting of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy or cryptococcal infection. The purpose of this case series is to familiarize radiologists with different
at-risk populations, courses of clinical presentation, and common imaging features suggestive of IRIS to guide patient management in a timely manner.
Learning Objective: To recognize at-risk populations, clinical features, and imaging findings of CNS IRIS.
Learning Objective: To recognize at-risk populations, clinical features, and imaging findings of CNS IRIS.
Keywords: Ag = antigen; CD4 = cluster of differentiation 4; CD8 = cluster of differentiation 8; CSF-PCR = cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction; DMT = disease-modifying therapy; DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IRIS = immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; JC virus = John Cunningham virus; LP = lumbar puncture; MS = multiple sclerosis; PML = progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; RNA = ribonucleic acid; WBC = white blood cell
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: 01 July 2025
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