A Comprehensive Clinical Review of Adult-Type Diffuse Glioma Incorporating the 2021 World Health Organization Classification
Learning Objective: To understand the pathophysiologic concepts that underly the World Health Organization Classification and natural history of adult-type diffuse gliomas and how these relate to imaging and treatment strategies
Keywords: AKT= AK strain transforming (known as protein kinase B); ALT = alternative lengthening of telomeres; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; BTB = blood-tumor barrier; CDK = cyclin-dependent kinase; ECM = extracellular matrix; EGF = epidermal growth factor; EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; GBM = glioblastoma; GSC = glioma stem cells; HG = hydroxyglutarate; HGG = high-grade glioma; IDH = isocitrate dehydrogenase; IDHm = IDH mutation; IDHwt = IDH wild type; ISF = interstitial fluid; ISS = interstitial system; LGG = low-grade glioma; MDM2 = mouse double minute 2 homolog; MGMT = methyltransferase; NSC = neural stem cell; OS = overall survival; PDGFR = platelet derived growth factor receptor; PI3K = phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homolog; RTK = receptor tyrosine kinase; Raf = rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma, a signaling protein; Ras = rat sarcoma virus, a signaling protein; T1Gd = intravenous gadolinium contrast administration; TCGA = The Cancer Genome Atlas; TME = tumor microenvironment; TMZ = temozolomide; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor; WHO = World Health Organization; cIMPACT = Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy; mTOR = mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin; pRB = retinoblastoma protein
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: 01 April 2022
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