Imaging of Craniosynostosis from Diagnosis through Reconstruction

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:

Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of craniosynostosis. The purpose of this article is to present a concise pictorial reference of the imaging features of the major primary craniosynostoses, emphasizing diagnostic criteria, operative repair, and postoperative follow-up imaging.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The imaging system of a referral center with an active craniofacial team was queried to find images that best represent the classic imaging findings in metopic, sagittal, coronal (unilateral and bilateral), and lambdoid craniosynostosis. 2D and 3D-CT images of preoperative, postoperative, and delayed follow-up were selected. A review of the craniofacial imaging literature was performed to extract normative data for sutural closure and imaging features relevant to the craniofacial team.

RESULTS:

This article concisely presents the imaging features relevant to the craniofacial team caring for the patient with craniosynostosis. Imaging protocols are provided. Criteria for diagnosis, including normative data for sutural closure, are summarized, and systematic evaluation of craniosynostosis imaging in the pre- and postoperative period is emphasized.

CONCLUSIONS:

Primary craniosynostosis imaging is critical to the diagnosis and exclusion of craniosynostosis in the patient with abnormal calvarial shape. In the perioperative and long-term follow-up of these patients, imaging is used to detect complications and guide further interventions.