Beyond TOF MRA: Review of Flow Imaging Techniques
Learning Objective: To review TOF MRA and explore the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of alternative MRA techniques without and with contrast including phase contrast MRA, arterial spin-labeling MRA, and other novel contrast-enhanced MRA techniques
Keywords: AD = Alzheimer's disease; ASL = arterial spin-labeling; CASL = continuous arterial spin-labeling; CE = contrast-enhanced; COW = circle of Willis; DAVF = dural AVF; GBCA = gadolinium-based contrast agents; GRE = gradient-recalled echo; HYPR = highly constrained back-projection reconstruction; IIH = idiopathic intracranial hypertension; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; MOTSA = multiple overlapping thin-slab acquisition; NCE = non-contrast-enhanced; NSF = nephrogenic systemic fibrosis; PASL = pulsed ASL; PC = phase contrast; PLD = postlabeling delay; PWV = pulse wave velocity; RF = radiofrequency; SPGR = spoiled gradient-recalled; VENC = velocity-encoding; VIPR = vastly undersampled isotropic projection imaging; VSASL = velocity-selective ASL; WSS = wall shear stress; pCASL = pseudocontinuous ASL
Document Type: Research Article
Publication date: October 1, 2023
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