Beware of the Brain Stem:Craniocervical Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas. Case Series and Literature Review

Craniocervical dural arteriovenous fistulas are rare but clinically important entities that are potentially treatable but often misdiagnosed given their wide range of clinical presentations and often nonspecific findings on CT and MR imaging. Although DSA remains the criterion standard for diagnosis, the present case series highlights imaging findings of craniocervical dural arteriovenous fistulas and potential mimics to aid the practicing radiologist in a timely diagnosis.