@article {Zamora:2025:2637-8329:92,
title = "The Inner Ear: A Primer for Radiologists: Part 2, Congenital Anomalies, Inflammatory Disease, Trauma, and Neoplasms",
journal = "Neurographics",
parent_itemid = "infobike://asnr/ng",
publishercode ="asnr",
year = "2025",
volume = "15",
number = "2",
publication date ="2025-04-01T00:00:00",
pages = "92-108",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "2637-8329",
eissn = "2637-8329",
url = "https://asnr.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/asnr/ng/2025/00000015/00000002/art00006",
doi = "doi:10.3174/ng.2400013",
keyword = "AIED = autoimmune inner ear disease, BOR = branchio-oto-renal syndrome, ELST = endolymphatic sac tumor, PLF = perilymphatic fistula, IP = incomplete partition, T2 SPACE = Sampling Perfection with Application Optimized Contrasts using different flip angle Evolution, IAC = internal auditory canal, CLA = complete labyrinthine aplasia, LSCC, PSCC, and SSCC = lateral, posterior, and superior semicircular canals, respectively",
author = "Zamora, E. and Zamora, C.",
abstract = "This article is the second in a 2-part series on imaging of the inner ear. The first part examined the normal anatomy and embryology of the inner ear, as well as intrinsic abnormalities of the otic capsule. The second part addresses both congenital and acquired pathologies, including
inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic etiologies. A detailed understanding of anatomy and physiology is crucial in the context of these complex disorders, which constitute major causes of disability due to auditory and vestibular dysfunction. Characteristic imaging findings, combined with
the patients clinical history and presentation, aid in providing a definitive diagnosis in some cases, narrowing differential etiologies, and identifying treatable abnormalities. Furthermore, recognizing specific imaging findings or anatomic characteristics can lead to changes in patient
management and surgical planning.Learning Objective: To familiarize radiologists and trainees with the imaging findings and diagnostic approaches for congenital anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and neoplasms of the inner ear.",
}