@article {Som:2018:2637-8329:369,
title = "Review of the Embryology of the Teeth",
journal = "Neurographics",
parent_itemid = "infobike://asnr/ng",
publishercode ="asnr",
year = "2018",
volume = "8",
number = "5",
publication date ="2018-10-01T00:00:00",
pages = "369-393",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "2637-8329",
eissn = "2637-8329",
url = "https://asnr.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/asnr/ng/2018/00000008/00000005/art00008",
doi = "doi:10.3174/ng.1600049",
keyword = "NFkB = nuclear transcription factor, EDAR = receptor for EDA, CSF-1 = colony-stimulating factor 1, MSX1, 2 = homeobox mshlike 1 and 2, GAS1 = hedgehog co-receptor, growth arrest specific-1, RUNX2 = runt-related co-factor involved in osteoblastic and skeletal morphogenesis, EGF = epidermal growth factor, TGF (α, β) = transforming growth factor, SPROUTY2 = growth factor-antagonist, FGF (4,8,9) = fibroblast growth factor, LHX6,7 = homeobox genes, AI = amelogenesis imperfecta, SHH = sonic hedgehog protein, WNT (10A and B) = wingless/int1 family of secreted signaling molecules, KLK4 = kallikrein-related peptidase 4, a protein coding gene, AXIN2 = axin-like protein or axis inhibition protein, BMP (2,4,7) = bone morphogenic protein, EPHA4 = ephrin type A receptor (tyrosine kinase receptor), MMP (20) = matrix metalloproteinase, RUNT = RUNX = hedgehog co-receptor, runt-related transcription factor, Laminins = high molecular proteins of the extracellular matrix = aid in anchoring the keratinocytes to the = underlying dermis, MAX1/2 = homeobox genes, OCP = octacalcium phosphate, DLX2 = distal-less homeobox gene 2, DD = dentin dysplasia, ENAM = enamelin a protein coding gene, BARX1 = barH-like homeobox gene, EDA = ectodysplasin signaling molecule, IL-1α = Interleukin-1α (also known as hematopoietin 1), p21 = cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor or cyclin-dependent-kinase interacting protein, PAX (9) = paired box transcription factor homeobox gene, OHAP = hydroxyapatite, PTHRP = parathyroid hormone‐related protein, EDARADD = intracellular adapter protein EDAR-binding death domain adaptor, TNF = tumor necrosis factor, AMELX = amelogenin X-linked protein coding gene, DLX3 = DSPP = dentin sialophosphoprotein, PITX2 = homeobox gene, CBFA1 = osteoblastic-specific transcription factor, NGF-R = nerve growth factor receptor, DIX1‐2,3,5,6,7 = homeobox genes, DGI = dentinogenesis imperfecta, MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein",
author = "Som, P.M. and Miletich, I.",
abstract = "The embryology of the teeth was briefly covered in a previous review in this series. This present review addresses this embryology in more detail. The development of the teeth is a highly orchestrated, complex process that is the result of reciprocal inductions between the overlying
first branchial arch oral cavity ectoderm, from which the cells that produce the enamel will develop, and the neural crest ectomesenchyme, from which the remaining tooth elements will arise. Early in development, the tooth germ grows and expands, and those cells that will form the mineralized
components of the teeth differentiate. Once these formative cells differentiate, formation and mineralization of the dentin and enamel matrices occur. Eventually, the completed tooth will erupt into the oral cavity, and during eruption, the tooth roots become surrounded by the periodontal
ligament, cementum, and supporting alveolar bone. There is also a discussion that notes some of the various abnormalities that can affect the teeth.Learning Objective: The reader will understand the current theory as to how the human tooth configuration arose, as well as the embryology
and anatomy of the teeth, the process of tooth eruption, alterations in the number and morphology of the teeth, and inflammatory conditions.",
}