@article {Som:2017:2637-8329:390,
title = "Embryology and Anatomy of the Skin, Its Appendages, and Physiologic Changes in the Head and Neck",
journal = "Neurographics",
parent_itemid = "infobike://asnr/ng",
publishercode ="asnr",
year = "2017",
volume = "7",
number = "5",
publication date ="2017-10-01T00:00:00",
pages = "390-415",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "2637-8329",
eissn = "2637-8329",
url = "https://asnr.publisher.ingentaconnect.com/content/asnr/ng/2017/00000007/00000005/art00008",
doi = "doi:10.3174/ng.9170210",
keyword = "ATP = adenosine triphosphate, MYF5 = myogenic factor 5, WAT = white adipose tissue, UVA= the longest wave length of UV, MC1R = melanocortin 1 receptor, BAT = brown adipose tissue, melanocortin = melanocortins are a group of peptide hormones, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone they are derived from the pituitary gland, NOTCH = A transmembrane receptor for Delta and Serrate, mediating cell‐cell interactions, SHH = sonic hedgehog, a protein, a ligand in the Hedgehog pathway, TYR = tyrosinase, PAR2 = protease-activated receptor 2, BMP = bone morphogenetic protein, IL = interleukin, LTMR = low-threshold mechanoreceptor, Dsg = desmoglein a family of cadherins that play a role in the formation of desmosomes, BMZ = basement membrane zone, cadherin = Cadherins are a class of type-1 transmembrane proteins that play a role in cell adhesion, dermo1 = dermal marker, keratin = K a family of fibrous structural proteins that protects epithelial cells from damage or stress, FGF = fibroblast growth factor, UCP = uncoupling of protein, CNS = central nervous system, protein kinase C = plays a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of biologically active substances that activate cellular functions and proliferation, UCP1 = mitochondrial carrier proteins that catalyze a regulated proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane, WNT = Wingless/int1 family of secreted signaling, UV = ultraviolet, AMPK = 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, MYFS = myogenic regulatory factor myogenic regulatory factors are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that regulate myogenesis, ECM = extracellular matrix, MSH = melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MITF = melanogenesis associated transcription factor",
author = "Som, P.M. and Laitman, J.T. and Mak, K.",
abstract = "Although often overlooked as a significant factor in the head and neck, the skin plays an important role in body thermoregulation as well as in detecting pain, pressure, and itch. Knowledge of the embryology of the skin allows a better understanding of the role that skin plays not only
during gestation but also in everyday life and how skin changes with certain nonpathologic circumstances. This review was illustrated to help the reader follow the text.Learning Objective: The reader will learn about the development of the skin and the critical role that skin plays in
both prenatal and postnatal life.",
}